For a perfect heat engine, the ratio equals the ratio of the absolute temperatures of the heat reservoirs. For a Carnot engine,
Step 2
Here is the heat taken from the system, is the heat put into the system, is the temperature of the cold reservoir and is the temperature of the hot reservoir.
,
Step 3
So if and are given, we can calculate the maximum efficiency using the formula. Modern gasoline engines have a maximum thermal efficiency of about 25% to 30% when used to power a car.
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