Apologies for that oversight earlier. Here are the contributions of these 10 widely known philosophers:
1. Plato - He developed the theory of Forms, which suggests that the physical world is just a shadow or imperfect reflection of a higher, more perfect world of abstract concepts and ideas. He also believed in the importance of using reason to seek truth and wisdom.
2. Aristotle - He contributed to the development of logic and the scientific method, and his writings on ethics and politics are still studied and debated today.
3. Immanuel Kant - He developed the idea of the "categorical imperative," which states that one should always act according to the principle that one would want to become a universal law. He also developed a moral philosophy that emphasized the importance of individual autonomy and reason.
4. Friedrich Nietzsche - He challenged traditional morality and religion, and his ideas about the "will to power" and the "superman" have influenced modern philosophy and literature.
5. Rene Descartes - He is known for his famous statement "Cogito, ergo sum" ("I think, therefore I am"), which emphasized the importance of reason and skepticism. He also developed a philosophical system that emphasized the importance of individual knowledge and subjectivity.
6. Jean-Jacques Rousseau - He argued that human beings are naturally good, but that society corrupts them. He also developed the idea of the social contract, which suggests that individuals must give up some of their freedom in order to live in a society that is governed by laws.
7. John Stuart Mill - He developed the idea of utilitarianism, which suggests that actions should be judged based on their ability to promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. He also wrote on political philosophy and the importance of individual freedom.
8. Soren Kierkegaard - He is known for his existentialist philosophy, which emphasizes individual freedom and choice in the face of the absurdity and meaninglessness of life. He also wrote extensively on religion and faith.
9. David Hume - He is known for his empirical approach to philosophy, which emphasizes observation and experience over abstract concepts and ideas. He also wrote extensively on ethics, politics, and the nature of human knowledge and understanding.
10. Thomas Aquinas - He wrote extensively on the relationship between faith and reason, and his philosophy had a significant impact on the development of Christian theology. He also contributed to the development of natural law theory and the philosophy of ethics.