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How the people research during the time without the internet

 

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Before the advent of the internet, people relied on various methods to conduct research. Here are a few ways people used to research before the internet:

1. Libraries: Libraries were the primary source of information for researchers. People would visit libraries to access books, journals, and other reference materials. They would spend hours browsing through catalogues, indexes, and encyclopedias to find relevant information on their topic of interest.

2. Encyclopedias: Encyclopedias, both general and topic-specific, were commonly used for research. These books contained a wealth of information on various subjects and were often considered authoritative sources.

3. Reference Books: Reference books like dictionaries, atlases, and almanacs were essential tools for researchers. These books provided definitions, geographical information, historical facts, and other valuable data that could be used for research purposes.

4. Newspapers and Magazines: People would read newspapers and magazines to stay updated on current events and gather information on specific topics. Articles and editorials could provide valuable insights and perspectives on various subjects.

5. Interviews and Surveys: Researchers would conduct interviews and surveys to gather firsthand information. This involved reaching out to experts, scholars, or individuals with knowledge and expertise in the desired field. It could be time-consuming, but it allowed for the collection of unique and personal insights.

6. Libraries' Reference Services: Libraries often had reference librarians who were trained to assist researchers in finding relevant information. They would provide guidance on search strategies, recommend resources, and help locate specific materials.

7. Interlibrary Loan: If a library did not have a particular book or resource, they would facilitate interlibrary loan services. This involved requesting the material from another library and borrowing it for a limited time.

8. Fieldwork: Researchers would sometimes have to undertake fieldwork to gather information directly from sources. This could involve visiting archives, museums, historical sites, or conducting interviews in person.

9. Networking: Researchers would network with colleagues, experts, and other professionals in the field to exchange information and gain insights. Conferences, seminars, and professional associations provided opportunities to connect with others and share research findings.

10. Personal Collections: Some individuals had personal collections of books, articles, and other materials related to their field of interest. These collections would be built over time and serve as valuable resources for research.

While these methods required more effort and time compared to the convenience of the internet, they were effective in gathering information and conducting research before the digital age.