valuation

In finance, valuation is the process of determining the value of an asset. Valuation is a subjective exercise as the process of valuation itself can also affect the value of the asset in question. Generally, there are three ways of performing a valuation, namely discounted cashflow valuation, relative valuation, and contingent claim valuation. In a business context, it is often the hypothetical price that a third party would pay for a given asset. Valuations can be done on assets (for example, investments in marketable securities such as companies' shares and related rights, business enterprises, or intangible assets such as patents, data and trademarks) or on liabilities (e.g., bonds issued by a company). Valuations are needed for many reasons such as investment analysis, capital budgeting, merger and acquisition transactions, financial reporting, taxable events to determine the proper tax liability.

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