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CRYPTOGRAPHY
CIPHER LIST
✔ASCII
Type: Substitution Binary
A-01000001 B-01000010
C-01000011 D-01000100
E-01000101 F-01000110
G-01000111 H-01001000
I-01001001 J-01001010
K-01001011 L-01001100
M-01001101 N-01001110
O-01001111 P-01010000
Q-01010001 R-01010010
S-01010011 T-01010100
U-01010101 V-01010110
W-01010111 X-01011000
Y-01011001 Z-01011010
a-01100001 b-01100010
c-01100011 d-01100100
e-01100101 f-01100110
g-01100111 h-01101000
i-01101001 j-01101010
k-01101011 l-01101100
m-01101101 n-01101110
o-01101111 p-01110000
q-01110001 r-01110010
s-01110011 t-01110100
u-01110101 v-01110110
w-01110111 x-01111000
y-01111001 z-01111010
'space'-00100000
Decimal
A-65 B-66 C-67 D-68
E-69 F-70 G-71 H-72
I-73 J-74 K-75 L-76
M-77 N-78 O-79 P-80
Q-81 R-82 S-83 T-84
U-85 V-86 W-87 X-88
Y-89 Z-90 a-97 b-98
c-99 d-100 e-101 f-102
g-103 h-104 i-105 j-106
k-107 l-108 m-109 n-110
o-111 p-112 q-113 r-114
s-115 t-116 u-117 v-118
w-119 x-120 y-121 z-122
Hexadecimal
A-41 B-42 C-43 D-44
E-45 F-46 G-47 H-48
I-49 J-4A K-4B L-4C
M-4D N-4E O-4F P-50
Q-51 R-52 S-53 T-54
U-55 V-56 W-57 X-58
Y-59 Z-5A a-61 b-62
c-63 d-64 e-65 f-66
g-67 h-68 i-69 j-6A
k-6B l-6C m-6D n-6E
o-6F p-70 q-71 r-72
s-73 t-74 u-75 v-76 w-77
x-78 y-79 z-7A
Octal
A-101 B-102 C-103 D-104
E-105 F-106 G-107 H-110
I-111 J-112 K-113 L-114
M-115 N-116 O-117 P-120
Q-121 R-122 S-123 T-124
U-125 V-126 W-127 X-130
Y-131 Z-132 a-141 b-142
c-143 d-144 e-145 f-146
g-147 h-150 i-151 j-152
k-153 l-154 m-155 n-156
o-157 p-160 q-161 r-162
s-163 t-164 u-165 v-166
w-167 x-170 y-171 z-172
✔LATIN CODE
Type: Numbers
> latin alphabet consist of 26 letters. A
position in the alphabet is assigned to
each letter. The 1 position for example is assigned to letter a.
A=01 N=14
B=02 O=15
C=03 P=16
D=04 Q=17
E=05 R=18
F=06 S=19
G=07 T=20
H=08 U=21
I =09 V=A
J=10 W=23
K=11 X=24
L=12 Y=25
M=13 Z=26
✔ATBASH
Type: Substitution
> atbash is a type of substitution
cipher in which the first letter (a) is substituted to the last letter (z), second
letter(b) is substituted to penultimate , and so on. A=Z
B=Y
C=X
D=W
E=V
F=U
G=T
H=S
I=R
J=Q
K=P
L=O
M=N
N=M
O=L
P=K
Q=J
R=I
S=H
T=G
U=F
V=E
W=D
X=C
Y=B
Z=A
✔CEASAR SHIFT / GRONSFELD CIPHER
Type: Substitution
> ceasar cipher or gronsfeld cipher is a
type of encryption to which associated
a shift of a fixed number of a letter
(towards left or right). Each letter is then relaced by that obtained after
performing the shift.
(Note: encoding or decoding depends
on the number of shift)
Encrypt-shift forward
Decrypt-shift backward Example:
Shift: 3
1.)LOVE
encrypted=ORYH
decrypted=ILSB
2.) JUHDW encrypted=MXKGZ
decrypted=GREAT
✔CAESAR'S BOX
Example:
HBDY-AIAO-PRYU-PTT-YHO
(Note: arrange it like stack and read by column from top to bottom)
Stack form:
HBDY
AIAO
PRYU
PTT YHO
Answer = HAPPY BIRTHDAY TO YOU
✔VANITY CODE
Type: Substitution
Keypad keys:
1=., 2=abc
3=def
4=ghi
5=jkl
6=mno
7=pqrs 8=tuv
9=wxyz
0=space
Example:
356937 = flower
6676464 = morning
✔MORSE CODE
Type: Trasposition
> morse code is a system to encode
thanks to short and long impulses.
Each letter or punctuation mark is
associated with a sequence of signals. These signals are translated to the
following characters: Dot(.) is the elementary pulse Comma(,) represents pulse three times longer than the point Space( ) represent separation between two letters Vergule(/) represents separation between words
A= .-
B= -...
C= -.-.
D= -..
E= .
F= ..-.
G= --.
Η= ....
I= ..
J= .---
K= -.-
L= .-..
M= --
N= -.
O= ---
P= .--.
Q= --.-
R= .-.
S= ...
T= -
U= ..-
V= ...-
W= .--
X= -..-
Y= -.--
Z= --..
Example:
-.-. --- -. -.. .. - .. --- -. = CONDITION
✔KEYWORD CIPHER Type: Substitution
(Note: encoding or decoding is based
on the keyword input)
(Note: keyword given will be inserted
as first in the sequence of alphabet
and letters should never repeat) Example
Keyword: GOD
A=G N=M
B=O O=N
C=D P=P
D=A Q=Q E=B R=R
F=C S=S
G=E T=T
H=F U=U
I=H V=V
J=I W=W K=J X=X
L=K Y=Y
M=L Z=Z
Cipher: JMNW = KNOW
✔ROT 13
> ROT13 ("rotate by 13 places", sometimes hyphenated ROT-13) is a
simple letter substitution cipher that
replaces a letter with the letter 13
letters after it in the alphabet.
Type:
A=Z
B=Y
C=X
D=W
E=V
F=U
G=T
H=S
I=R
J=Q
K=P
L=O
M=N
✔BACON CIPHER
Type: Substitution
> To encode a message, each letter of
the plaintext is replaced by a group of
five of the letters 'A' or 'B'. This
replacement is a binary encoding and is done according to the alphabet of
the Baconian cipher.
A=AAAAA B=AAAAB C=AAABA
D=AAABB E=AABAA F=AABAB
G=AABBA H=AABBB I/J=ABAAA
K=ABABA L=ABABB M=ABBAA N=ABBAB O=ABBBA P=ABBBB
Q=BAAAA R=BAAAB S=BAABA
T=BAABB U/V=BABAA W=BABBA
X=BABBB Y=BBAAA Z=BBAAB
✔REVERSE CIPHER
Types: Words > two modes are available in this code.
First reverses the whole text, second
reverses letters word by word.
Example:
1st mode
1.) NEGYXO = OXYGEN 2.) YRANOITCID = DICTIONARY
3.)1ST: REKEES NOITNETTA =
ATTENTION SEEKER
4.)2nd: NOITNETTA REKEES =
ATTENTION SEEKER
✔PLAYFAIR Type: Substitution
> playfair cipher uses an array of 5x5
containing a keyword or phrase. The
first step is to create a grid based on
the key. The second step is to encrypt
the letters of the message by selecting them in pairs.
Key: melons
(Note: grid size is 5x5 and i/j can
interchange)
M|E|L|O|N
S|A|B|C|D F|G|H|I |K
P|Q|R|T|U
V|W|X|Y|Z
Plaintext: VALENTINES
VA LE NT IN ES
Ciphertext: WSOLOUJOMA WS OL OU JO MA
✔SCYTALE CIPHER
Type: Transposition
> Suppose the rod allows one to write
four letters around in a circle and five
letters down the side of it. To decrypt, all one must do is wrap the leather
strip around the rod and read across.
(Note: make a table and insert there
your input, table is based on diameter)
Example message:
Plaintext: Hey i was doing just fine before i met you
Diameter: 7
H|E|Y| I|W|A|S
D|O| I|N|G|J|U
S|T|F| I|N|E|B
E|F|O|R|E| I|M E|T|Y|O|U|
Ciphertext: HDSEEEOTFTYIFOY
INIROWGNEUAJEISUBM
✔ROTATION CODE
Type: Substitution
(Note: it's formula forencryption is f(x) =(ax)mod26 and for decryption is f
=a^-1mod26, where x or y
corresponds to the position of the
letter in the alphabet, e.g. a=0, b=1,
c=2.....z=25, mod26 correspond to the
limit of the rotation, and a correspond to any input number)
Example: (encryption)
Plaintext: KING
F(x)=(ax)mod26
a=2
K=10, f(x)=(2*10)mod26=20 �I =8, f(x)=(2*8)mod26=16
N=13, f(x)=(2*13)mod26=26
G=6, f(x)=(2*6)mod26=12
K=20=U
I =16=Q
N=26=A G=12=M
Ciphertext: UQAM
Example: (decryption)
Ciphertext: UQAM
F=a^-1mod26
a=2 U=20, f=2^-1(20)mod26=10
Q=16, f=2^-1(16)mod26=8
A=26, f=2^-1(26)mod26=13
M=12, f=2^-1(12)mod26=6
U=10=K
Q=8=I A=13=N
M=6=G
Plaintext: KING
(Note: mod26, when no>25, then it
will rotate back to 0, 26=0, 27=1,
28=2 and so on, where a=0 and z=25, e.g. 30=e)
✔AFFINE CIPHER
Type: Substitution
(Note: it's formula for encryption is f
(x)=(ax+b)mod n, and for decryption
is f=a^-1(y-b)mod n, where "a" should be coprime of "n", "x" or "y"
corresponds on the position of the
letter in the alphabet (see rotation
code), and "b" is any value of input,
and mod n is the limit of rotation)
Example: (encryption) Plaintext: AFFINE
a=5, b=8, n=26
F(x)=(ax+b)mod26
A=0, F(0)=(5(0)+8)mod26=8
F=5, F(5)=(5(5)+8)mod26=33
F=5, F(5)=(5(5)+8)mod26=33 I =8, F(8)=(5(8)+8)mod26=48
N=13, F(13)=(5(13)+8)mod26=73
E=4, F(4)=(5(4)+8)mod26=28
A=08=I
F=33=H
F=33=H
I =48=W
N=73=V
E=28=C
Ciphertext: IHHWVC
Example: (decryption)
Ciphertext: IHHWVC a=5, b=8, n=26
F=a^-1(y-b)mod n
I =08, f(8)=5^-1(8-8)mod26=0
H=33, f(33)=5^-1(33-8)mod26=5
H=33, f(33)=5^-1(33-8)mod26=5
W=48, f(48)=5^-1(48-8)mod26=8 V=73, f(73)=5^-1(73-8)mod26=13
C=28, f(28)=5^-1(28-8)mod26=4
I =0=A
H=5=F
H=5=F
W=8=I
V=13=N
C=5=E
Plaintext: AFFINE
✔RAIL FENCE CIPHER
Type: Transposition
(Note: shift depends on no. key or rails, and letters should be written
downward and diagonally, let `=no. of
shift or rails)
Plaintext: HEY I JUST MET YOU AND THIS
IS CRAZY
shift: 3 h ` ` ` j ` ` ` m ` ` ` o ` ` ` d ` ` ` s ` ` ` r ` `
`
` e ` i ` u ` t ` e ` y ` u ` n ` t ` i ` i ` c ` a `
y
` ` y ` ` ` s ` ` ` t ` ` ` a ` ` ` h ` ` ` s ` ` ` z
` Ciphertext:
HJMODSREIUTEYUNTIICAYYSTAHSZ
✔POLYBIUS SQUARE
Type: Numbers
> Polybius square, also known as the
Polybius checkerboard, is a device invented by the Ancient
Greekhistorian and scholar Polybius,
for fractionating plaintext characters
so that they can be represented by a
smaller set of symbols.
(Note: create a table of any size, readings should start in column then
row)
Example:5x5 A B C D E A|A|B|C|D|E
B|F|G|H|J|K
C|L|M|N|O|P
D|Q|R|S|T|U
E|V|W|X|Y|Z
Ciphertext: CB CD CC BD AA ED Plaintext: M O N D A Y
✔VIGENERE CIPHER
Type: Substitution
(Note: keywords sets at the starting
point of alphabet and keyword shoud
be inserted in the first column of the table mot in the row, keyword shoud
be repeated until it reach the same
value or no. of the text )
Example:
Plaintext: JUPITER
Keyword: mapsmap (See vigenere table)
Ciphertext: VUEAFEG
✔HITMAN CIPHER
If A is A then N is N.
A~A
B~Z
C~Y
D~X
E~W
F~V
G~U
H~T
I~S
J~R
K~Q
L~P
M~O
N~N
Example
Ciphertext: TSHOAN
Plaintext: HITMAN
✔BIFID CIPHER
Type: Substitution
CIPHER: First column and firs row contains numbers while the rest is
letters)
Example: 5x5 1 2 3 4 5 1|A|B|C|D|E|
2|F|G|H| I |K|
3|L|M|N|O|P|
4|Q|R|S|T|U|
5|V|W|X|Y|Z|
Ciphertext: 3,2 3,4 3,3 4,3 4,4 1,5 4,2 or
Ciphertext: 32 34 33 43 44 15 42
Plaintext: MONSTER
✔TAP CODE
A(. .) B(. ..)
C(. ...) D(. ....)
E (. .....) F (.. .)
G(.. ..) H(.. ...)
I(.. ....) J(.. .....)
K(. ...) L(... .)
M(... ..) N(... ...)
O(... ....) P(... .....)
Q(.... .) R(.... ..)
S(.... ...) T(.... ....)
U(.... .....) V(..... .)
W(..... ..) X(..... ...)
Y(..... ....) Z(..... .....)
*space* (null)
✔CLOCK CODES
(Exponents = Arithmetic Modula)
A~ B~ C~ D~ E~ F~ G~ H~ I~ J~ K~ L~ M~ ² N~ ² O~ ² P~ ² Q~ ² R~ ² S~ ² T~ ² U~ ² V~ ² W~ ² X~ ² Y~ ³ Z~ ³ DOT DOT CODES
A(°••••)
B(•°•••)
C(••°••)
D(•••°•)
E(••••°)
F(•°°°°)
G(°•°°°)
H(°°•°°)
I(°°°•°)
J(°°°°•)
K(°•°•°)
L(•°•°•)
M(••°°°°)
N(°°••°°)
O(°°°°••)
P(°°••••)
Q(••°°••)
R(••••°°)
S(•°•°°)
T(°•°°•)
U(•°°•°)
V(°°•°•)
W(°•°••)
X(•°••°)
Y(°••°•)
Z(••°•°)
✔NEWS CIPHER
(Note: make a table of letters, whether
theres a keyword or none, 5x5 from A to Z, where C/K and I/J are
interchangeable.)
Legends:
N ~ North
E ~ East
W ~ West S ~ South
NE ~ North East
NW ~ North West
SE ~ South East
SW ~ South West
A | B | C | D | E F | G | H | I | J
L | M| N | O | P
Q | R | S | T | U
V | W| X | Y | Z
Example:
Ciphertext: NWFNVNEDSBWISWFN N(W) F(N) V(NE) D(S) B(W) I(SW) F(N)
Plaintext: MARIANA
✔CROSS CODE
A ~ †††
B ~ +††
C ~ †+† D ~ ††+
E ~ †++
F ~ +†+
G ~ ++†
H ~ ࠠ
I ~ †‡† J ~ ††‡
K ~ ‡++
L ~ +‡+
M ~ ++‡
N ~ †‡‡
O ~ ‡†‡ P ~ ‡‡†
Q ~ +‡‡
R ~ ‡+‡
S ~ ‡‡+
T ~ ‡†+
U ~ †+‡ V ~ +‡†
W ~ ‡+†
X ~ +†‡
Y ~ †‡+
Z ~ +++
✔ARROW CODES (Note: Create a table of letters 5x5
either theres a keyword or none, and
moves starts after the first given letter)
Legends: ←↑↓→
Moves: ¹ ² ³ ⁴
/-separates each letters A | B | C | D | E
F | G | H | I | J
L | M| N | O | P
Q | R | S | T | U
V | W| X | Y | Z
Example: Codex: P/ ←⁴↑²/ →²↓²/ →¹↑²/ ↓²/
←²↓¹/ ←¹↑³/
Plaintext: PANDORA
(CTTO)
Click Like!
CIPHER LIST
✔ASCII
Type: Substitution Binary
A-01000001 B-01000010
C-01000011 D-01000100
E-01000101 F-01000110
G-01000111 H-01001000
I-01001001 J-01001010
K-01001011 L-01001100
M-01001101 N-01001110
O-01001111 P-01010000
Q-01010001 R-01010010
S-01010011 T-01010100
U-01010101 V-01010110
W-01010111 X-01011000
Y-01011001 Z-01011010
a-01100001 b-01100010
c-01100011 d-01100100
e-01100101 f-01100110
g-01100111 h-01101000
i-01101001 j-01101010
k-01101011 l-01101100
m-01101101 n-01101110
o-01101111 p-01110000
q-01110001 r-01110010
s-01110011 t-01110100
u-01110101 v-01110110
w-01110111 x-01111000
y-01111001 z-01111010
'space'-00100000
Decimal
A-65 B-66 C-67 D-68
E-69 F-70 G-71 H-72
I-73 J-74 K-75 L-76
M-77 N-78 O-79 P-80
Q-81 R-82 S-83 T-84
U-85 V-86 W-87 X-88
Y-89 Z-90 a-97 b-98
c-99 d-100 e-101 f-102
g-103 h-104 i-105 j-106
k-107 l-108 m-109 n-110
o-111 p-112 q-113 r-114
s-115 t-116 u-117 v-118
w-119 x-120 y-121 z-122
Hexadecimal
A-41 B-42 C-43 D-44
E-45 F-46 G-47 H-48
I-49 J-4A K-4B L-4C
M-4D N-4E O-4F P-50
Q-51 R-52 S-53 T-54
U-55 V-56 W-57 X-58
Y-59 Z-5A a-61 b-62
c-63 d-64 e-65 f-66
g-67 h-68 i-69 j-6A
k-6B l-6C m-6D n-6E
o-6F p-70 q-71 r-72
s-73 t-74 u-75 v-76 w-77
x-78 y-79 z-7A
Octal
A-101 B-102 C-103 D-104
E-105 F-106 G-107 H-110
I-111 J-112 K-113 L-114
M-115 N-116 O-117 P-120
Q-121 R-122 S-123 T-124
U-125 V-126 W-127 X-130
Y-131 Z-132 a-141 b-142
c-143 d-144 e-145 f-146
g-147 h-150 i-151 j-152
k-153 l-154 m-155 n-156
o-157 p-160 q-161 r-162
s-163 t-164 u-165 v-166
w-167 x-170 y-171 z-172
✔LATIN CODE
Type: Numbers
> latin alphabet consist of 26 letters. A
position in the alphabet is assigned to
each letter. The 1 position for example is assigned to letter a.
A=01 N=14
B=02 O=15
C=03 P=16
D=04 Q=17
E=05 R=18
F=06 S=19
G=07 T=20
H=08 U=21
I =09 V=A
J=10 W=23
K=11 X=24
L=12 Y=25
M=13 Z=26
✔ATBASH
Type: Substitution
> atbash is a type of substitution
cipher in which the first letter (a) is substituted to the last letter (z), second
letter(b) is substituted to penultimate , and so on. A=Z
B=Y
C=X
D=W
E=V
F=U
G=T
H=S
I=R
J=Q
K=P
L=O
M=N
N=M
O=L
P=K
Q=J
R=I
S=H
T=G
U=F
V=E
W=D
X=C
Y=B
Z=A
✔CEASAR SHIFT / GRONSFELD CIPHER
Type: Substitution
> ceasar cipher or gronsfeld cipher is a
type of encryption to which associated
a shift of a fixed number of a letter
(towards left or right). Each letter is then relaced by that obtained after
performing the shift.
(Note: encoding or decoding depends
on the number of shift)
Encrypt-shift forward
Decrypt-shift backward Example:
Shift: 3
1.)LOVE
encrypted=ORYH
decrypted=ILSB
2.) JUHDW encrypted=MXKGZ
decrypted=GREAT
✔CAESAR'S BOX
Example:
HBDY-AIAO-PRYU-PTT-YHO
(Note: arrange it like stack and read by column from top to bottom)
Stack form:
HBDY
AIAO
PRYU
PTT YHO
Answer = HAPPY BIRTHDAY TO YOU
✔VANITY CODE
Type: Substitution
Keypad keys:
1=., 2=abc
3=def
4=ghi
5=jkl
6=mno
7=pqrs 8=tuv
9=wxyz
0=space
Example:
356937 = flower
6676464 = morning
✔MORSE CODE
Type: Trasposition
> morse code is a system to encode
thanks to short and long impulses.
Each letter or punctuation mark is
associated with a sequence of signals. These signals are translated to the
following characters: Dot(.) is the elementary pulse Comma(,) represents pulse three times longer than the point Space( ) represent separation between two letters Vergule(/) represents separation between words
A= .-
B= -...
C= -.-.
D= -..
E= .
F= ..-.
G= --.
Η= ....
I= ..
J= .---
K= -.-
L= .-..
M= --
N= -.
O= ---
P= .--.
Q= --.-
R= .-.
S= ...
T= -
U= ..-
V= ...-
W= .--
X= -..-
Y= -.--
Z= --..
Example:
-.-. --- -. -.. .. - .. --- -. = CONDITION
✔KEYWORD CIPHER Type: Substitution
(Note: encoding or decoding is based
on the keyword input)
(Note: keyword given will be inserted
as first in the sequence of alphabet
and letters should never repeat) Example
Keyword: GOD
A=G N=M
B=O O=N
C=D P=P
D=A Q=Q E=B R=R
F=C S=S
G=E T=T
H=F U=U
I=H V=V
J=I W=W K=J X=X
L=K Y=Y
M=L Z=Z
Cipher: JMNW = KNOW
✔ROT 13
> ROT13 ("rotate by 13 places", sometimes hyphenated ROT-13) is a
simple letter substitution cipher that
replaces a letter with the letter 13
letters after it in the alphabet.
Type:
A=Z
B=Y
C=X
D=W
E=V
F=U
G=T
H=S
I=R
J=Q
K=P
L=O
M=N
✔BACON CIPHER
Type: Substitution
> To encode a message, each letter of
the plaintext is replaced by a group of
five of the letters 'A' or 'B'. This
replacement is a binary encoding and is done according to the alphabet of
the Baconian cipher.
A=AAAAA B=AAAAB C=AAABA
D=AAABB E=AABAA F=AABAB
G=AABBA H=AABBB I/J=ABAAA
K=ABABA L=ABABB M=ABBAA N=ABBAB O=ABBBA P=ABBBB
Q=BAAAA R=BAAAB S=BAABA
T=BAABB U/V=BABAA W=BABBA
X=BABBB Y=BBAAA Z=BBAAB
✔REVERSE CIPHER
Types: Words > two modes are available in this code.
First reverses the whole text, second
reverses letters word by word.
Example:
1st mode
1.) NEGYXO = OXYGEN 2.) YRANOITCID = DICTIONARY
3.)1ST: REKEES NOITNETTA =
ATTENTION SEEKER
4.)2nd: NOITNETTA REKEES =
ATTENTION SEEKER
✔PLAYFAIR Type: Substitution
> playfair cipher uses an array of 5x5
containing a keyword or phrase. The
first step is to create a grid based on
the key. The second step is to encrypt
the letters of the message by selecting them in pairs.
Key: melons
(Note: grid size is 5x5 and i/j can
interchange)
M|E|L|O|N
S|A|B|C|D F|G|H|I |K
P|Q|R|T|U
V|W|X|Y|Z
Plaintext: VALENTINES
VA LE NT IN ES
Ciphertext: WSOLOUJOMA WS OL OU JO MA
✔SCYTALE CIPHER
Type: Transposition
> Suppose the rod allows one to write
four letters around in a circle and five
letters down the side of it. To decrypt, all one must do is wrap the leather
strip around the rod and read across.
(Note: make a table and insert there
your input, table is based on diameter)
Example message:
Plaintext: Hey i was doing just fine before i met you
Diameter: 7
H|E|Y| I|W|A|S
D|O| I|N|G|J|U
S|T|F| I|N|E|B
E|F|O|R|E| I|M E|T|Y|O|U|
Ciphertext: HDSEEEOTFTYIFOY
INIROWGNEUAJEISUBM
✔ROTATION CODE
Type: Substitution
(Note: it's formula forencryption is f(x) =(ax)mod26 and for decryption is f
=a^-1
mod26, where x or ycorresponds to the position of the
letter in the alphabet, e.g. a=0, b=1,
c=2.....z=25, mod26 correspond to the
limit of the rotation, and a correspond to any input number)
Example: (encryption)
Plaintext: KING
F(x)=(ax)mod26
a=2
K=10, f(x)=(2*10)mod26=20 �I =8, f(x)=(2*8)mod26=16
N=13, f(x)=(2*13)mod26=26
G=6, f(x)=(2*6)mod26=12
K=20=U
I =16=Q
N=26=A G=12=M
Ciphertext: UQAM
Example: (decryption)
Ciphertext: UQAM
F
=a^-1mod26a=2 U=20, f
=2^-1(20)mod26=10Q=16, f
=2^-1(16)mod26=8A=26, f
=2^-1(26)mod26=13M=12, f
=2^-1(12)mod26=6U=10=K
Q=8=I A=13=N
M=6=G
Plaintext: KING
(Note: mod26, when no>25, then it
will rotate back to 0, 26=0, 27=1,
28=2 and so on, where a=0 and z=25, e.g. 30=e)
✔AFFINE CIPHER
Type: Substitution
(Note: it's formula for encryption is f
(x)=(ax+b)mod n, and for decryption
is f
=a^-1(y-b)mod n, where "a" should be coprime of "n", "x" or "y"corresponds on the position of the
letter in the alphabet (see rotation
code), and "b" is any value of input,
and mod n is the limit of rotation)
Example: (encryption) Plaintext: AFFINE
a=5, b=8, n=26
F(x)=(ax+b)mod26
A=0, F(0)=(5(0)+8)mod26=8
F=5, F(5)=(5(5)+8)mod26=33
F=5, F(5)=(5(5)+8)mod26=33 I =8, F(8)=(5(8)+8)mod26=48
N=13, F(13)=(5(13)+8)mod26=73
E=4, F(4)=(5(4)+8)mod26=28
A=08=I
F=33=H
F=33=H
I =48=W
N=73=V
E=28=C
Ciphertext: IHHWVC
Example: (decryption)
Ciphertext: IHHWVC a=5, b=8, n=26
F
=a^-1(y-b)mod nI =08, f(8)=5^-1(8-8)mod26=0
H=33, f(33)=5^-1(33-8)mod26=5
H=33, f(33)=5^-1(33-8)mod26=5
W=48, f(48)=5^-1(48-8)mod26=8 V=73, f(73)=5^-1(73-8)mod26=13
C=28, f(28)=5^-1(28-8)mod26=4
I =0=A
H=5=F
H=5=F
W=8=I
V=13=N
C=5=E
Plaintext: AFFINE
✔RAIL FENCE CIPHER
Type: Transposition
(Note: shift depends on no. key or rails, and letters should be written
downward and diagonally, let `=no. of
shift or rails)
Plaintext: HEY I JUST MET YOU AND THIS
IS CRAZY
shift: 3 h ` ` ` j ` ` ` m ` ` ` o ` ` ` d ` ` ` s ` ` ` r ` `
`
` e ` i ` u ` t ` e ` y ` u ` n ` t ` i ` i ` c ` a `
y
` ` y ` ` ` s ` ` ` t ` ` ` a ` ` ` h ` ` ` s ` ` ` z
` Ciphertext:
HJMODSREIUTEYUNTIICAYYSTAHSZ
✔POLYBIUS SQUARE
Type: Numbers
> Polybius square, also known as the
Polybius checkerboard, is a device invented by the Ancient
Greekhistorian and scholar Polybius,
for fractionating plaintext characters
so that they can be represented by a
smaller set of symbols.
(Note: create a table of any size, readings should start in column then
row)
Example:5x5 A B C D E A|A|B|C|D|E
B|F|G|H|J|K
C|L|M|N|O|P
D|Q|R|S|T|U
E|V|W|X|Y|Z
Ciphertext: CB CD CC BD AA ED Plaintext: M O N D A Y
✔VIGENERE CIPHER
Type: Substitution
(Note: keywords sets at the starting
point of alphabet and keyword shoud
be inserted in the first column of the table mot in the row, keyword shoud
be repeated until it reach the same
value or no. of the text )
Example:
Plaintext: JUPITER
Keyword: mapsmap (See vigenere table)
Ciphertext: VUEAFEG
✔HITMAN CIPHER
If A is A then N is N.
A~A
B~Z
C~Y
D~X
E~W
F~V
G~U
H~T
I~S
J~R
K~Q
L~P
M~O
N~N
Example
Ciphertext: TSHOAN
Plaintext: HITMAN
✔BIFID CIPHER
Type: Substitution
CIPHER: First column and firs row contains numbers while the rest is
letters)
Example: 5x5 1 2 3 4 5 1|A|B|C|D|E|
2|F|G|H| I |K|
3|L|M|N|O|P|
4|Q|R|S|T|U|
5|V|W|X|Y|Z|
Ciphertext: 3,2 3,4 3,3 4,3 4,4 1,5 4,2 or
Ciphertext: 32 34 33 43 44 15 42
Plaintext: MONSTER
✔TAP CODE
A(. .) B(. ..)
C(. ...) D(. ....)
E (. .....) F (.. .)
G(.. ..) H(.. ...)
I(.. ....) J(.. .....)
K(. ...) L(... .)
M(... ..) N(... ...)
O(... ....) P(... .....)
Q(.... .) R(.... ..)
S(.... ...) T(.... ....)
U(.... .....) V(..... .)
W(..... ..) X(..... ...)
Y(..... ....) Z(..... .....)
*space* (null)
✔CLOCK CODES
(Exponents = Arithmetic Modula)
A~ B~ C~ D~ E~ F~ G~ H~ I~ J~ K~ L~ M~ ² N~ ² O~ ² P~ ² Q~ ² R~ ² S~ ² T~ ² U~ ² V~ ² W~ ² X~ ² Y~ ³ Z~ ³ DOT DOT CODES
A(°••••)
B(•°•••)
C(••°••)
D(•••°•)
E(••••°)
F(•°°°°)
G(°•°°°)
H(°°•°°)
I(°°°•°)
J(°°°°•)
K(°•°•°)
L(•°•°•)
M(••°°°°)
N(°°••°°)
O(°°°°••)
P(°°••••)
Q(••°°••)
R(••••°°)
S(•°•°°)
T(°•°°•)
U(•°°•°)
V(°°•°•)
W(°•°••)
X(•°••°)
Y(°••°•)
Z(••°•°)
✔NEWS CIPHER
(Note: make a table of letters, whether
theres a keyword or none, 5x5 from A to Z, where C/K and I/J are
interchangeable.)
Legends:
N ~ North
E ~ East
W ~ West S ~ South
NE ~ North East
NW ~ North West
SE ~ South East
SW ~ South West
A | B | C | D | E F | G | H | I | J
L | M| N | O | P
Q | R | S | T | U
V | W| X | Y | Z
Example:
Ciphertext: NWFNVNEDSBWISWFN N(W) F(N) V(NE) D(S) B(W) I(SW) F(N)
Plaintext: MARIANA
✔CROSS CODE
A ~ †††
B ~ +††
C ~ †+† D ~ ††+
E ~ †++
F ~ +†+
G ~ ++†
H ~ ࠠ
I ~ †‡† J ~ ††‡
K ~ ‡++
L ~ +‡+
M ~ ++‡
N ~ †‡‡
O ~ ‡†‡ P ~ ‡‡†
Q ~ +‡‡
R ~ ‡+‡
S ~ ‡‡+
T ~ ‡†+
U ~ †+‡ V ~ +‡†
W ~ ‡+†
X ~ +†‡
Y ~ †‡+
Z ~ +++
✔ARROW CODES (Note: Create a table of letters 5x5
either theres a keyword or none, and
moves starts after the first given letter)
Legends: ←↑↓→
Moves: ¹ ² ³ ⁴
/-separates each letters A | B | C | D | E
F | G | H | I | J
L | M| N | O | P
Q | R | S | T | U
V | W| X | Y | Z
Example: Codex: P/ ←⁴↑²/ →²↓²/ →¹↑²/ ↓²/
←²↓¹/ ←¹↑³/
Plaintext: PANDORA
(CTTO)
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