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KEY POINTS
- ãdül† acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes abnormal myeloblasts (a type of white blood cell), red blood cells, or platelets.
- Leukemia may affect red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
- There are different subtypes of AML.
- *******, previous chemotherapy treatment, and exposure to radiation may affect the risk of ãdül† AML.
- Signs and symptoms of ãdül† AML include fever, feeling tired, and easy bruising or bleeding.
- Tests that examine the blood and bone marrow are used to detect (find) and diagnose ãdül† AML.
- Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.
ãdül† You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. (AML) is a You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. of the You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. and You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.. This type of cancer usually gets worse quickly if it is not treated. It is the most common type of You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. in adults. AML is also called acute myelogenous leukemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia, acute granulocytic leukemia, and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.
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Anatomy of the bone. The bone is made up of compact bone, spongy bone, and bone marrow. Compact bone makes up the outer layer of the bone. Spongy bone is found mostly at the ends of bones and contains red marrow. Bone marrow is found in the center of most bones and has many blood vessels. There are two types of bone marrow: red and yellow. Red marrow contains blood stem cells that can become red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets. Yellow marrow is made mostly of fat.
Leukemia may affect red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Normally, the bone marrow makes You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. (immature You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.) that become mature blood cells over time. A blood stem cell may become a You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. or a You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.stem cell. A lymphoid stem cell becomes a You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now..
A myeloid stem cell becomes one of three types of mature blood cells:
- You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. that carry You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. and other substances to all You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. of the body.
- White blood cells that fight You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. and disease.
- You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. that form You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. to stop bleeding.
Blood cell development. A blood stem cell goes through several steps to become a red blood cell, platelet, or white blood cell.
In AML, the myeloid stem cells usually become a type of immature white blood cell called myeloblasts (or myeloid You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.). The myeloblasts in AML are You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. and do not become healthy white blood cells. Sometimes in AML, too many stem cells become abnormal red blood cells or platelets. These abnormal white blood cells, red blood cells, or platelets are also called You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. cells or blasts. Leukemia cells can build up in the bone marrow and blood so there is less room for healthy white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. When this happens, infection, You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now., or easy bleeding may occur. The leukemia cells can spread outside the blood to other parts of the body, including the You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.(brain and You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.), skin, and You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now..
This summary is about ãdül† AML. See the following You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. summaries for information about other types of leukemia:
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- ãdül† Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment
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Most AML You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. are based on how mature (developed) the cancer cells are at the time of You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. and how different they are from normal cells.
You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. (APL) is a subtype of AML that occurs when parts of twoYou do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. stick together. APL usually occurs in middle-aged adults. You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. of APL may include both bleeding and forming blood clots.
*******, previous chemotherapy treatment, and exposure to radiation may affect the risk of ãdül† AML.
Anything that increases your risk of getting a disease is called a You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.. Having a risk factor does not mean that you will get cancer; not having risk factors doesn’t mean that you will not get cancer. Talk with your doctor if you think you may be at risk. Possible risk factors for AML include the following:
- Being male.
- *******, especially after age 60.
- Having had treatment with You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. or You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. in the past.
- Having had treatment for childhood You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. (ALL) in the past.
- Being exposed to You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. from an atomic bomb or to the You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now..
- Having a You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. of a blood You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. such as You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now..
The early signs and You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. of AML may be like those caused by the flu or other common diseases. Check with your doctor if you have any of the following:
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- Shortness of breath.
- Easy bruising or bleeding.
- You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. (flat, pinpoint spots under the skin caused by bleeding).
- Weakness or feeling tired.
- Weight loss or loss of You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now..
The following tests and procedures may be used:
- You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. and You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. : An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease, such as lumps or anything else that seems unusual. A history of the patient’s health habits and past illnesses and treatments will also be taken.
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Log in or register now. (CBC): A procedure in which a sample of blood is drawn and checked for the following:
- The number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
- The amount of You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. (the You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. that carries oxygen) in the red blood cells.
- The portion of the sample made up of red blood cells.
Complete blood count (CBC). Blood is collected by inserting a needle into a vein and allowing the blood to flow into a tube. The blood sample is sent to the laboratory and the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are counted. The CBC is used to test for, diagnose, and monitor many different conditions. - You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. : A procedure in which a sample of blood is checked for blast cells, the number and kinds of white blood cells, the number of platelets, and changes in the shape of blood cells.
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Log in or register now. : The removal of bone marrow, blood, and a small piece of bone by inserting a hollow needle into the hipbone or You do not have permission to view the full content of this post.
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Log in or register now. views the bone marrow, blood, and bone under a You do not have permission to view the full content of this post.
Log in or register now. to look for signs of cancer.
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Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. After a small area of skin is numbed, a bone marrow needle is inserted into the patient’s hip bone. Samples of blood, bone, and bone marrow are removed for examination under a microscope. - You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. : A You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. in which the cells in a sample of blood or bone marrow are viewed under a microscope to look for certain changes in theYou do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.. Other tests, such as You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. (FISH), may also be done to look for certain changes in the chromosomes.
- You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. : A process used to identify cells, based on the types ofYou do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. or You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. on the surface of the cell. This process is used to diagnose the subtype of AML by comparing the cancer cells to normal cells of the You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.. For example, a cytochemistry study may test the cells in a sample of tissue using chemicals (dyes) to look for certain changes in the sample. A chemical may cause a color change in one type of leukemia cell but not in another type of leukemia cell.
- You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. – You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. test (RT–PCR): A laboratory test in which cells in a sample of tissue are studied using chemicals to look for certain changes in the structure or function of genes. This test is used to diagnose certain types of AML including acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).
The You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. (chance of You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now.) and treatment options depend on:
- The age of the patient.
- The subtype of AML.
- Whether the patient received chemotherapy in the past to treat a different cancer.
- Whether there is a history of a blood disorder such as myelodysplastic syndrome.
- Whether the cancer has spread to the central nervous system.
- Whether the cancer has been treated before or You do not have permission to view the full content of this post. Log in or register now. (come back).
- Updated: September 17, 2015
National Cancer Institute
at the National Institutes of Health
